PlasmodesmataĪs mentioned before, these are cytoplasmic bridges that help in the transfer of components in between the cells. At the same time, RNA is present in the nucleus and also cytoplasm. DNA is present in the nucleus and also in the mitochondria. These are genetic material that contains the cell characters. See How is nucleus involved in protein synthesis for details. It controls cell division, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, etc. It has DNA the genetic material which decides the character of the plant. This is the master organelles that controls the cell. This helps in protein synthesis and also lipid synthesis. It is of two types as rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This is a network of membranous structures attached to the nucleus. These are sac-like structures and help in the modification and transportation of proteins and other substances in the cell. They have colored pigments, namely chlorophyll, which help in the absorption of light and traps the energy to synthesize carbohydrates. These organelles the seat of photosynthesis. This is a special organelle present only in the plant cells. They are also involved in photosynthesis. These organelles are present near the nucleus and help metabolize lipid substances. Further, they prevent any foreign harmful substances from entering the cell. They help to digest the proteins in the cell and also act as suicidal bags to destroy the entire cell in case the cell gets damaged beyond repair. These are the cell organelles that are attached to the cell membrane. These are oval-shaped and have single-strand DNA, which helps in its self-replication. Mitochondria are called as powerhouses and help to supply energy for the entire cell needs. These are the energy-producing organelles. These cytoplasmic bridges are called plasmodesmata. This cytoplasm helps in the distribution of materials through the entire cell through rotation called cytoplasmic streaming.īesides, it also forms inter-cellular bridges for better communication.
This is a fluid matrix consisting of cell organelles, water and other dissolved substances in it. It is a lipid bi-layer and selectively permeable to a few substances like water. This cell membrane incorporates cytoplasm and other cell components. This is also called a plasma membrane and is present adjacent to the cell wall. Allow the passage of a few substances like water into and out of the cell.To prevent drying of the cell by loss of water.To protect the entire cell from harsh environmental conditions.It is also called as the exoskeleton and give rigidity and firm shape to the cell. It transforms as a primary cell wall and latter to the secondary cell wall. It is made up of chitin, lignin and other materials. A plant cell has a rigid cell wall, which is the outermost of the cell.
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